Search results for " persistence"
showing 10 items of 57 documents
The evolution of lactase persistence in Europe. A synthesis of archaeological and genetic evidence
2012
Lactase persistence, the ability to digest the milk sugar lactose in adulthood, is highly associated with a T allele situated 13,910 bp upstream from the actual lactase gene in Europeans. The frequency of this allele rose rapidly in Europe after transition from hunter–gatherer to agriculturalist lifestyles and the introduction of milkable domestic species from Anatolia some 8000 years ago. Here we first introduce the archaeological and historic background of early farming life in Europe, then summarize what is known of the physiological and genetic mechanisms of lactase persistence. Finally, we compile the evidence for a co-evolutionary process between dairying culture and lactase persisten…
Two-year effectiveness and safety of golimumab in ulcerative colitis: An IG-IBD study
2020
Abstract Background Few data exist regarding the long‐term effectiveness of golimumab in ulcerative colitis. No data have been reported on real‐world continuous clinical response. Objective This study aimed to describe the long‐term outcomes in a large cohort of patients on golimumab who had ulcerative colitis. Methods Consecutive patients with active ulcerative colitis, started on golimumab, were enrolled and prospectively followed up. The primary end point was to evaluate the long‐term persistence on golimumab therapy. Results A total of 173 patients with ulcerative colitis were studied. Of these, 79.2% were steroid dependent, and 46.3% were naïve to anti‐tumour necrosis factor alpha agen…
Pharmacokinetics of new oral anticoagulants: implications for use in routine care
2018
Introduction: Since 2008, new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been approved for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients receiving hip or knee replacement surgery, prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Premarketing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of NOACs demonstrated their non-inferiority in terms of efficacy vs. warfarin (traditional oral anticoagulant–TOA), with lower risk of serious adverse drug reactions, especially cerebral hemorrhages. In clinical practice, pharmacokinetic aspects of NOACs have to be carefully taken into account to …
Absence of the lactase-persistence-associated allele in early Neolithic Europeans.
2007
Lactase persistence (LP), the dominant Mendelian trait conferring the ability to digest the milk sugar lactose in adults, has risen to high frequency in central and northern Europeans in the last 20,000 years. This trait is likely to have conferred a selective advantage in individuals who consume appreciable amounts of unfermented milk. Some have argued for the “culture-historical hypothesis,” whereby LP alleles were rare until the advent of dairying early in the Neolithic but then rose rapidly in frequency under natural selection. Others favor the “reverse cause hypothesis,” whereby dairying was adopted in populations with preadaptive high LP allele frequencies. Analysis based on the cons…
Prolonged stigma and flower lifespan in females of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum
2017
tIn gynodioecious plants females need a reproductive advantage over hermaphrodites to be maintainedin the same population. Generally, three main proximate causes for a female advantage are considered:inbreeding avoidance, different resource allocation patterns, and differences in ecological interactions.A mechanism potentially causing a female advantage that is rarely discussed is a difference in flo-ral longevity between the genders. Females may have a longer stigma lifespan than hermaphrodites,which can affect pollination. Stigma and flower lifespan are rarely documented in gynodioecious species,although it is a common observation in dioecious species that female plants flower longer than…
Étude de la biologie d'une messicole en régression: le bleuet (Centaurea cyanus L.)
2011
Agroecosystems are currently experiencing high biodiversity loss, in particular among the plant species specifically adapted to this habitat. This decline results from cropping systems that have been intensified in Western Europe since the 1950s. The cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), considered as emblem of the flora associated with traditional cereals, appears as a species that may be at risk and should be monitored. Indeed, cornflower can serve as a host to predators of crop pests and is strongly attractive for the pollinators. This study examines the biological factors that could potentially cause the decline of this species: spatial distribution, potential for growth, population's genet…
The role of the accumulation of poverty and unemployment for health disadvantages
2020
Health inequality is an important aspect of how advantages and disadvantages are distributed within societies. We extend previous research by considering how trajectories of poverty and employment affect self-reported health among young adults. We use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, restricting the analytical sample to those who were 25 to 45 year-old in 2005. We calculated the indexes that account for persistence and intensity of poverty and employment on 10-year-long individual-level employment and household-level poverty trajectories. Ordinal logit regression models show that both long-lasting poverty and short periods out of employment are detrimental for men’s health. In con…
Persistence in complex systems
2022
Persistence is an important characteristic of many complex systems in nature, related to how long the system remains at a certain state before changing to a different one. The study of complex systems' persistence involves different definitions and uses different techniques, depending on whether short-term or long-term persistence is considered. In this paper we discuss the most important definitions, concepts, methods, literature and latest results on persistence in complex systems. Firstly, the most used definitions of persistence in short-term and long-term cases are presented. The most relevant methods to characterize persistence are then discussed in both cases. A complete literature r…
Prolonged stigma and flower lifespan in females of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum
2017
In gynodioecious plants females need a reproductive advantage over hermaphrodites to be maintained in the same population. Generally, three main proximate causes for a female advantage are considered: inbreeding avoidance, different resource allocation patterns, and differences in ecological interactions. A mechanism potentially causing a female advantage that is rarely discussed is a difference in floral longevity between the genders. Females may have a longer stigma lifespan than hermaphrodites, which can affect pollination. Stigma and flower lifespan are rarely documented in gynodioecious species, although it is a common observation in dioecious species that female plants flower longer t…
On the Asymmetric Recognition of Good and Bad News in France, Germany and the United Kingdom
2001
We investigate whether accounting systems recognise bad news more promptly in earnings than good news, where news is proxied by changes in share price. The analysis is based on a sample of firm/years drawn from France, Germany, and the UK during 1990 to 1998. These three countries are the originators of three distinct legal traditions. Previous studies have argued that asymmetric recognition, one manifestation of conservative accounting, is sensitive to legal background and history. We find that in all three countries the contemporaneous association between earnings and returns is much stronger for bad news (i.e. when price changes are negative) than for good news, and although the results …